抽水蓄能电站工程建设中生态环境监理工作实践探讨

水利水电工程建设是促进国家经济发展的重要建设项目之一,抽水蓄能电站工程建设的重要性正在不断凸显。抽水蓄能电站工程的建设与生态环境有着密切的关系,由于抽水蓄能电站工程长期大规模的开发利用破坏了周边生态环境的稳定,加强工程建设中的环境监理工作是将生态破坏程度降到最低的必然要求。以抽水蓄能电站为实例,通过制定科学合理的环境监理方案,将生态环境监理要点落实到施工建设当中,以期最大限度地减少对生态环境的破坏。     

油田联合站安全性评价模式研究

针对联合站生产过程复杂、安全影响因素多的特点,提出了二级模糊综合安全评价方法。以港东联合站的实际情况为基础,在系统分析联合站危险因素的基础上,选取储罐、管道、监控系统、其他系统4个因素作为联合站安全评价的主要关联因子,构建了针对港东联合站安全的二级综合模糊评估模型。运用层次分析法确定不同层次和因素的重要度,以加权法为运算准则,确定了联合站的安全等级。评估结果表明:该二级模糊综合评价方法提高了联合站安全现状评价的客观性,评估过程易于实现,评价结果更加客观、合理。     

A disaster scene simulation system in 3D for oil transmission stations: Design and implementation

The disaster scene in three-dimensional (3D) plays a crucial role in disaster emergency management and risk communication of oil transmission stations. However, existing research for the disaster scene mainly focuses on reproducing the disaster environment and rarely predicts the damage state of the disaster-affected object. This paper proposes an object-oriented modeling method that utilizes a multilevel decomposition pattern for disaster scenes. This method combines earthquake vulnerability assessment with 3D visualization technology to predict and characterize the damage state of critical infrastructure in oil transmission stations. To enhance earthquake risk perception, a simulation system is designed and developed, which allows for the construction of virtual scenes and quick simulation of disaster scenes in 3D. The case application shows that the system improves the 3D modeling efficiency of disaster scenes and enhances public awareness of earthquake risks. The simulation system can provide technical support for seismic mitigation planning and emergency management decision-making at oil transmission stations and has good application prospects.     

水电厂设备设施风险的动态分级研究

为保障水电厂安全运行,根据水电厂设备设施构成要素,系统分析其风险,建立涵盖水轮机及其辅助设备、发电机及其辅助设备、计算机监控系统及自动装置、电气一次设备、电气二次设备、水工建筑物及金属结构、机具与防护设施等因素在内的评价指标体系。采用欧氏距离定义样本差异,标准化处理属性特征值,通过聚类迭代,开发水电厂设备设施风险的动态分级方法。研究结果表明:水电厂设备设施故障风险在每年的第2,3季度明显大于第1,4季度,并且随着时间推移,各季度设备设施故障风险同比有增加的趋势,风险分级结果与设备设施故障的变化趋势基本吻合。     

Rider preferences and economic values for equestrian trails

Recreational horseback riding is an important, but less studied, component of human interaction with the natural environment and often occurs alongside other outdoor recreational activities. Using choice experiment data collected from a survey conducted in Kentucky, this study assesses rider preferences and economic values associated with various equestrian trail attributes for daylong horseback riding trips in rural trail systems. Results indicate that while individuals have different opinions, trail attributes such as length of trail, scenic views, and travel distance from home all have significant economic implications. In addition, riders prefer trails that are restricted for horse riding only. Willingness to pay estimates of all attributes increase substantially when the travel cost to reach the trail is also considered. Policy implications on maintaining current and creating new trails in a multi-user setting are given, such as the opportunities for separating horseback riders from other users while still providing other beneficial attributes like options for longer trails and scenic views to all groups.     

昆钢制氢站二次净化系统的优化改进

针对昆钢动力能源分公司制氢站建成投产后出现的环保污染和所带来的生产运行问题,对制氢系统原装置技术存在问题进行分析,提出优化改进方案,并对实施后的效果、环境效益、经济效益等进行分析。优化方案的实施彻底解决了制氢站建成后产生的环保污染问题。     

基于车流和大气污染物浓度同步增量的机动车平均排放因子估算方法

机动车尾气排放已成为城市大气污染的主要来源并受到了高度关注.机动车排放因子是反映机动车排放状况的最基本参数,但实测排放因子代价较高、代表范围有限,基于国外排放模式估算的排放因子又与我国的实际排放状况存在一定差距.本研究首先基于早高峰时段车流量和道路附近大气污染物浓度呈近线性增加、气象条件和背景污染物浓度相对稳定的特征,将时段内污染物浓度的增加主要归因为车流的增加,从而建立车流和污染物浓度增量之间的关系;然后采用无限线源高斯扩散模式,反推道路实际行驶机动车的平均排放因子.以北京市一条主干道为例,利用早高峰车流量、污染物浓度、气象观测数据,进行了实例研究,并将研究结果同COPERT4排放模型的预测结果进行了对比.本研究和COPERT4排放模型预测的8月一氧化碳平均排放因子分别为2.0 g·km-1和1.2 g·km-1,12月分别为5.5 g·km-1和5.2 g·km-1.结果表明,本方法估算的机动车排放因子在数值大小及季节变化上均与COPERT4排放模型较为接近.所提方法通过消除背景浓度的干扰,为实时获取车队实际排放因子提供了一种新思路.     

加油站火灾爆炸故障树分析

采用安全系统工程的方法,对加油站的火灾爆炸事故进行了故障树分析。通过故障树分析,得出4个最小径集,指明了预防事故发生的可能途径;从而确定出加油站火灾爆炸事故的预防措施,并做出安全检查表,以供现场实施参考。     

油库泵站可燃气体智能型安全检测系统

根据目前油库泵站内存在可燃气体经常泄漏的实际情况,提出并应用计算机信息处理系统解决可燃气体泄漏监控问题。     

浅谈加油站IC卡卡机联动改造工程中的HSE管理

介绍了HSE管理体系在加油站IC卡卡机联动改造工程中的应用 ,阐述了制定与实施HSE管理方案的重点 ,分析了IC卡改造工程中实施HSE管理的意义。